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Algae
Algae can take on three basic forms in ponds. Plankton algae are minute, free-floating plants that give water a greenish or brownish color. Filamentous algae (the most common type) form long strands that often become floating mats. Finally, Chara and Nitella are upright algae that have the appearance of a rooted, submerged plant.
Plankton -- (also known as muskrass or stonewort) Looks like a rooted plant. Branches are whorled around the stem. Rough and gritty to the touch, gives off an ill-smelling skunk-like odor when crushed. Most often grows in hard water ponds in limestone areas.
Filamentous Algae -- Filamentous algae are probably the most common aquatic plant problem in Pennsylvania ponds. They form long strands that float together in mats. Filamentous algae may completely cover a pond under ideal growing conditions.
Chara -- Chara is classified as an algae despite looking very much like a rooted aquatic plant. Its "leaves" are whorled around the stem and are often encrusted with calcium carbonate.
Nitella -- Similar appearance to chara but the stems and braches are smooth. Likes very soft sediment areas of ponds with soft water